The majority of the people I see casting are holding their upper arm raised slightly up with the lower arm canting away from the body: side arm (not horizontal) casting.
Sometimes side arm casting is preferred like casting with weighted or wind resistant flies to keep the fly as far away to prevent from getting hit. However for most trout fishing situations casting a vertical casting stroke is the way to go.
Why? It’s much more accurate. Simply your hand tracks in the line of your eye sight. Why do you think bow shooting is done with the arrow in the line of the eye sight? And it takes less ‘casting room’ (illustration by Joe Mahler).
Problem with side arm casting
The most common problem with side arm casting is that the body turns a bit while moving the arm back during the back cast. This causes the casting plane to curve resulting in an inefficient 'S-loop'. A good way to prevent the body turning is putting the same foot as your casting arm forward with your stance.
Horizontal casting
As mentioned earlier the horizontal cast, the rod held more or less horizontal parallel to the water, is not what is meant with the side arm cast. The horizontal cast is useful for certain conditions like casting under a branch or get a fly to kick over to get a curved delivery cast.

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